For most people, optical fibers are made “special” by what is inside them—the complex optical structures that enable them to preserve polarization in sensors, harness high levels of pump energy in fiber lasers, or even the advanced core chemistries that make them resistant to hydrogen downhole, photo-darkening, or ionizing radiation. But the increasing deployment of […]
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Beyond the Triple Play
More than a decade ago, cable companies introduced the triple play of voice, video and data that is now the standard telecom offering worldwide. Fiber’s greater bandwidth and reliability allow FTTH providers to think beyond the triple play and offer services tailored to communities’ needs. Some of these services help differentiate fiber-to-the-home communities; some generate […]
Measuring Bandwidth of 10G Laser-optimized Multimode Fiber
1. The traditional Overfilled Launch (OFL) method of measuring bandwidth in multimode fiber has been replaced by new, more advanced techniques. The advent of 850 nm VCSEL light sources and 10G laser-optimized 50 µm multimode (OM3) fiber has enabled cost-effective 10G transmission for short reach enterprise applications. Unlike LEDs, VCSELs don’t light up the entire […]
CONNECTOR TERMINATION TECHNOLOGY CHOICES
There are four basic classifications of fiber termination: no-epoxy/no-polish, no-epoxy/polish, epoxy/polish and pigtail splicing. No-epoxy/no-polish connectors No-epoxy/no-polish connectors offer the easiest and quickest termination technology available. Installers only need to strip, cleave, and lock the fiber into the connector body, which also contains a short pre-polished fiber stub in the ferrule. In effect, this is […]
The differences between SDH and SONET
SDH stands for synchronous digital hierarchy. SDH is the synchronous technology used everywhere except the US, Canada and Japan. Development of this international counterpart to SONET began a few years after SONET. The differences between SONET and SDH are based primarily on the different asynchronous bit rates that must be mapped into them. In developing […]
6 reasons why SONET
With the introduction of PCM technology in the 1960s, communications networks were gradually converted to digital technology during the years that followed. To cope with the demand for ever-higher bit rates, a multiplex hierarchy or plesiochronous digital hierarchy (DSn) evolved. The bit rates start with the basic multiplex rate of 1.5 Mb/s with a further […]
7 Reasons Why SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)?
Communications networks gradually converted to digital technology after PCM was introduced in the 1960s. A multiplex hierarchy known as plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy (PDH) evolved to cope with the demand for everhigher bit rates. The bit rates start with the basic multiplex rate of 2 Mbps with further stages of 8, 34, and 140 Mbps. In […]
Cable attributes Explanation From ITU
Since the geometrical and optical characteristics of fibres given in clause 5 are barely affected by the cabling process, this clause gives recommendations mainly relevant to transmission characteristics of cabled factory lengths. Environmental and test conditions are paramount and are described in the guidelines for test methods. Attenuation coefficient The attenuation coefficient is specified with […]
Fibre attributes explaination from ITU
This article is for beginners to learn basic concept appeared in fiber specifications Only those characteristics of the fibre providing a minimum essential design framework for fibre manufacture are recommended in this clause. Ranges or limits on values are presented in the tables of clause 7. Of these, cable manufacture or installation may significantly affect […]
Intdoduction to Fiber Verification Testing
As fiber links support higher-speed network bandwidths with increasingly stringent requirements, it’s becoming more important to ensure your backbone links meet tightening loss standards. The need for higher data transmission capacity continues to increase as network applications grow and expand. These higher transmission speeds demand cabling that delivers increased bandwidth support. This test and troubleshooting […]