Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a serious problem that can limit distances and data rates in a single-mode optical fiber system. PMD is a time varying quantity that degrades system bandwidth and is costly to mitigate. It affects network reliability and is becoming more evident as network speeds increase. The impact of PMD was first […]
WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking Africa is the newest addition to the highly successful WDM World Series.
Showcasing the rapid growth in the optical market in Africa, the conference will bring together insights and experience of operators and vendors assessing the massive technical challenges the industry faces to deliver high speeds, and ensure that networks are fast enough to handle the current and anticipated traffic demands. WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking […]
Understand Fiber Attenuation
Attenuation is the reduction or loss of optical power as light travels through an optical fiber. The longer the fiber is and the farther the light has to travel, the more the optical signal is attenuated. Consequently, attenuation is measured and reported in decibels per kilometer (dB/km), also known as the attenuation coefficient or attenuation rate. Attenuation varies depending […]
Numerical Aperture (NA)
Numerical aperture (NA) is a critical performance specification for multimode fibers. It indicates the maximum angle at which a particular fiber can accept the light that will be transmitted through it. The higher an optical fiber’s NA, the larger the cone of light that can be coupled into its core. Graded-index multimode fibers have a […]
Fault Detection Technique by using OTDR: Limitations and drawbacks on practical approach of measurement
Practically in all kind of communication system, more or less losses are involved. To make the system more efficient, it is needed to identify and trace the faults & losses so that suitable techniques can be implemented to eliminate or reduce the losses. In optical fiber communication, optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is a commonly […]
Development of passive optical networks (PONs)
PONs have attracted great attention in recent years, also from standardization bodies. Once again, the primary organizations are ITU-T and the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). The latter defined the “Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON)” back in 2004 in the standard IEEE 802.3ah1. It is well known and established under the name […]
Upgrading existing connection networks
The increased use of FO cabling is making broad band infrastructure a reality in business and residential districts. This cabling addresses the demand from customers for ever more band width with efficient networks while protecting the investment to the greatest possible extent. Network operators almost always take a two-prong approach to connection networks. Cable network […]
Outside Plant (OSP) Design
The designer of the fiber network designs and digitizes fiber features using the standard G/Technology feature placement workflow and a fiber splicing editor. The end-to-end workflow is as follows. At a given location (central office, switching center), the user creates an ISP Connect feature. From this feature, the user places fiber cables, splices, remote terminals, […]
Measuring Bandwidth of 10G Laser-optimized Multimode Fiber
1. The traditional Overfilled Launch (OFL) method of measuring bandwidth in multimode fiber has been replaced by new, more advanced techniques. The advent of 850 nm VCSEL light sources and 10G laser-optimized 50 µm multimode (OM3) fiber has enabled cost-effective 10G transmission for short reach enterprise applications. Unlike LEDs, VCSELs don’t light up the entire […]
What is the difference of MTP connectors and MPO connectors
The MPO connector is defined by IEC-61754-76, it is a multiple fiber core connector, “Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fiber optic connector interfaces – Part 7: Type MPO connector family”; and TIA-604-5-D, ”Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard, Type MPO”. The term MTP is a registered trademark of US Conec. This is the […]